How do steroids, antihistamines, cyclosporine, oclacitinib (Apoquel®), and lokivetmab (Cytopoint®) affect the test results?
According to published data, antihistamines, cyclosporine, oclacitinib (Apoquel®), and lokivetmab (Cytopoint®) do not affect IgE levels. Therefore, discontinuing these medications prior to performing serological allergy testing is not necessary.
Glucocorticoids can distort test results, particularly when using depot formulations, higher doses, or prolonged therapy.
When short-acting oral steroids are administered at a dose of up to 1 mg/kg/day for no longer than 2 months, discontinuation of therapy before testing is not required.*
*Olivry T, Saridomichelakis M. Evidence-based guidelines for anti-allergic drug withdrawal times before allergen-specific intradermal testing and IgE serological tests in dogs for the International Task Force on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA). Veterinary Dermatology 2013; 24: 225-249.
Why is the test result negative despite pronounced clinical symptoms suggestive of an allergy?
- Age of the animal: Testing is recommended in animals older than one year.
- Steroid medications.
- A small percentage of animals do not produce high IgE concentrations. In such cases, wait until symptoms worsen and collect a blood sample 15 days later. If symptoms are seasonal, the test should be repeated during that period.
- Atopic dermatitis.
Does the sample need to be taken on an empty stomach?
A fasting blood draw is recommended but not required, as lipids and glucose have little impact on the test results.
What is the appropriate age for testing?
It is recommended to perform the test in animals older than one year. Only after this time is the immune system fully developed and has had the opportunity to encounter all seasonal allergens.
If testing is performed in an animal up to one year of age, it should be taken into account that the result may change later and may not be entirely reliable for preparing an immunotherapy plan.
Does the test detect allergies when the symptoms originate from the respiratory tract?
Yes. As a result of an allergic reaction, the body produces IgE regardless of the system from which the symptoms originate.
When should the PAX test for food allergens be used?
- For animals with IgE-mediated food allergies (those that show an immediate reaction after an oral food challenge),
- To identify allergenic cross-reactions,
- To determine the order of product introduction during an elimination diet,
- To identify foods that are unlikely to trigger immediate reactions.
Does the severity of allergies increase with age?
Highly sensitive animals may develop hypersensitivity to new allergens over time. An animal that initially tests negative for food allergens may develop an allergy later on. A worsening of symptoms after an initially good response to desensitization may indicate the development of an allergy to a new allergen.
Can testing be performed for only one allergen?
No. This is due to the technology used, which relies on plates coated with allergens that cannot be modified on an individual basis.
Is it necessary to submit a new serum sample for differential testing after the initial examination?
No, a written differentiation request is sufficient. The original sample is stored for at least three months.
Does the sample need to be shipped frozen?
This is not necessary. IgE antibodies remain stable up to 56 °C.
How long does it take to receive the test results?
It usually takes 7–14 working days. The results are delivered electronically as a PDF file.
Can hemolysis or lipemia affect the test results?
With the latest PAX technology, neither hemolysis nor lipemia affects the test results.
What sample volume is required for the test?
With the current PAX technology, only 0.5 ml of serum is required for the test.
Does the season in which we test IgE antibody levels have an influence?
Yes. In January, approximately 20% fewer positive results were observed compared to the same patients during the summer months.
When is the best time to submit blood for testing?
When the animal is showing clinical skin symptoms. To allow enough time for antibody production, the test should be performed at least one week—ideally about two weeks—after symptom onset.
For seasonal allergies, the optimal sampling time is no earlier than two weeks after the start of the relevant pollen season and/or when the pet’s symptoms worsen.
For non-seasonal allergies, the optimal timing is at least two weeks after the onset of the allergic flare.
When is the best time to start hyposensitization?
Hyposensitization can be started at any time; however, the preferred timing is about nine months before the expected worsening of symptoms.
Hyposensitization and vaccinations?
To avoid an increase in possible side effects, at least one week should pass between hyposensitization and vaccination.
What is the appropriate age for testing?
It is recommended to perform the test in animals older than 18 months. Only after this time is the immune system fully developed and has had the opportunity to encounter all seasonal allergens. When deciding to test an animal younger than 18 months, it should be taken into account that the result may change later and may not be entirely reliable for preparing an immunotherapy plan.
Why is the test result negative despite clear clinical signs of allergy?
- Age of the animal: Testing is recommended in animals older than 18 months.
- Steroid medications.
- A small percentage of animals do not produce high IgE concentrations. In such cases, wait until symptoms worsen and collect a blood sample 15 days later. If the symptoms are seasonal, the test should be repeated during that period.
Does the test detect allergies when the symptoms originate from the respiratory tract?
Yes. As a result of an allergic reaction, the body produces IgE regardless of the system from which the symptoms originate.
When should the PAX test for food allergens be used?
- For animals with IgE-mediated food allergies (those that show an immediate reaction after an oral food challenge),
- To identify allergenic cross-reactions,
- To determine the order of food introduction during an elimination diet,
- To identify foods that are unlikely to cause immediate reactions.
Does the severity of allergies increase with age?
In highly sensitive animals, allergies to new allergens may develop over time. An animal that initially tests negative for food allergens may later develop an allergy. A worsening of symptoms after an initially good response to desensitization may indicate the development of an allergy to a new allergen.
Can testing be performed for only one allergen?
NO. This is due to the technology used, which relies on plates coated with allergens that cannot be modified individually.
Is it necessary to submit a new serum sample for differential testing after the initial examination?
No, a written differentiation request is sufficient. The original sample is stored for at least three months.
Does the sample need to be shipped frozen?
This is not necessary. IgE antibodies remain stable up to 56 °C.
How long does it take to receive the test results?
It usually takes 7–14 working days. The results are delivered electronically as a PDF file.
Can hemolysis or lipemia affect the test results?
With the latest PAX technology, neither hemolysis nor lipemia affects the test results.
What sample volume is required for the test?
With the current PAX technology, only 0.5 ml of serum is required for the test.
Does the season in which we test IgE antibody levels have an impact?
Yes. In January, approximately 20% fewer positive results were observed compared to the same patients during the summer months.
When is the best time to submit blood for testing?
When the animal shows clinical skin symptoms. To allow sufficient time for antibody formation, the test should be performed at least one week—ideally around two weeks—after symptom onset.
For seasonal allergies, the optimal sampling time is no earlier than two weeks after the start of the relevant pollen season and/or when the pet’s symptoms worsen. For non-seasonal allergies, the optimal timing is at least two weeks after the onset of the allergic flare.
When is the best time to start immunotherapy?
Immunotherapy can be started at any time; however, the preferred timing is about nine months before the expected worsening of symptoms.
Hyposensitization and vaccinations?
To avoid an increase in possible side effects, at least one week should pass between hyposensitization and vaccination.
Can two different types of hyposensitization, such as Artuvetrin and Allervet Retard Insects, be used at the same time?
It is possible; however, it is recommended to administer the injections at different sites and to maintain a one-week interval between them to increase safety.
